feat: new unix history layout

1 files changed, 138 insertions, 28 deletions

diff --git a/content-org/unix-history.org b/content-org/unix-history.org
index 8adb51e..eb0d365 100644
--- a/content-org/unix-history.org
+++ b/content-org/unix-history.org
@@ -10,15 +10,38 @@
 * DONE Unix history                                                    :@bsd:
 CLOSED: [2024-03-09 Sat 21:03]
 :PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd
 :EXPORT_FILE_NAME: _index
 :EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu bsd
 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :aliases '(/bsd/history//)
+:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu "unix-history"
+:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-r menu menu-info
 :END:
 
 
-** Part 1: Multics
+To say that the history of Unix is long and convoluted would be a huge understatement. It started i's life as a gaming OS dressed as typesetting one in a forgotten alley in an research center, but soon became the most important idea in modern computing history. No other OS had such broad impact on how we work with computers. And despite that, it's mostly a forgotten name. It lives in it's ideas and licenses, but very rarely do we think about running Unix.
+
+This site is a fanpage, and a love letter to computer history. To the brilliant minds and sneazy lawers. To the original, the followers, and imitators.
+
+** Table of content
+
+#+attr_shortcode: "unix-history"
+#+begin_menu
+Dune
+#+end_menu
+* DONE History of Unix part I: Multics                        :@unix_history:
+CLOSED: [2024-03-09 Sat 21:03]
+:PROPERTIES:
+:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 01_multics
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract BSD history starts with Multics
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part I: Multics
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :link part-ii-multics
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :aliases '(/bsd/history/01_multics/)
+:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu unix-history :name "1. Multics"
+:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu "unix-history"
+:END:
 
 *** Origins of time-sharing
 
@@ -82,7 +105,20 @@ The team armed with previous experience set up to create simple, manageable OS t
 Currently, however, they have problems convincing /Bell Labs/ management to get them a new computer.
 This has not stopped them from designing the system on black blackboards and paper.
 
-** Part II: Unix
+
+
+* DONE History of Unix part II: Unix                          :@unix_history:
+CLOSED: [2024-03-16 Sat 21:00]
+:PROPERTIES:
+:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 02_unix
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract How Unix came to be? 
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part II: Unix
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :link part-ii-unix
+:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu unix-history :name "2. Unix" 
+:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :aliases '(/bsd/history/02_unix/)
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu "unix-history"
+:END:
 
 *** Bell Labs
 
@@ -154,7 +190,7 @@ PDP-7
 Ken Thompson and Denis Ritchie working on the legendary PDP-11.
 #+end_img-c
 
-**** Unix 1
+*** Unix 1
 
 So here we are, November 1971, and /UNIX 1/ for /PDP-11/ is released[fn:50]
 
@@ -205,9 +241,6 @@ Lawyers.
 [fn:uvlist] [[https://www.uvlist.net/game-164857-Space+Travel][UVL]]
 [fn:50] The 50th anniversary of this event was very big for a small group of fans.
 [fn:lcm] [[https://livingcomputers.org/Blog/Restoring-UNIX-v0-on-a-PDP-7-A-look-behind-the-sce.aspx][Living Computer Museum]] has a real PDP-7 running /PDP Unix/ if want to chek it.
-# 
-
-
 [fn:IBM360] [[https://ibms360.co.uk/?p=902][IBM 360 Model 20 Rescue and Restoration: Machine Overview]]
 [fn:root] [[http://blog.wovenmemories.net/2023/10/30/First.Operating.System_Part.1.html][First Operating System -- Part One]]
 [fn:wiki] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics][Multics  --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia]]
@@ -216,30 +249,107 @@ Lawyers.
 
 
 
-* DONE History of BSD part I: Multics                         :@unix_history:
-CLOSED: [2024-03-09 Sat 21:03]
+* DONE History of Unix part III: Unix Wars                    :@unix_history:
+CLOSED: [2024-05-29 Wed 21:50]
 :PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 01_multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract BSD history starts with Multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part I: Multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :link part-ii-multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :aliases '(/bsd/history/01_multics/)
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd-history :name "Multics"
+:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 03_unix_wars
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract How Unix came to be? 
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part III: Unix Wars
+:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu unix-history :name "3. Unix Wars" 
 :EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
+:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu "unix-history"
 :END:
 
-I have published new chapter of the Unix History
+# This resulted in a very peticular situation.
+Different organizations got into possesion of a /great/ operating system with which they were able to do whatever they pleased.
+The original creators, AT&T were unable to sell the software.
+Of course, they wanted to monetize on this opportunitty.
 
-* DONE History of BSD part II: Unix                           :@unix_history:
-CLOSED: [2024-03-16 Sat 21:00]
-:PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 02_unix
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract How Unix came to be? 
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part II: Unix
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :link part-ii-unix
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd-history :name "Unix"
-:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :aliases '(/bsd/history/02_unix/)
-:END:
+This chapter of history is convolutted, so hopefully I won't make any significant errors here.
+Most of this history would be lost to time, if it it wasn't for dedication of dedicated fans.
+Remember, I try to link sources so please go take a visit to /their/ sites and talks.
+But please, go and see Warner Hosh's [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuzeagzQwRs][talk]] on the early history of UNIX.
+It's a gold mine and guiding light allowing me to write the following chapter.
+
+** Other Bell Unixes
+
+But the first forks (separaterly developed versions of /Unix/) came from Bell[fn:hiddenunix].
+
+https://youtu.be/XuzeagzQwRs?si=VJjyR1A_ofZAoguI&t=1610
+
+AT&T was, as we remember, a telphone company.
+Lot of wires comming into centralized spaces, called /switches/.
+The first known fork of /Unix/ was intended to automate switching of connections, therefore the very long name - /New Jersey Bell Switich Control Center System (/NJ Bell SCCS).
+This version of /Unix/ is the earliest known usage of the OS family outside of Bell Labs.
+It was released in 1971 as a fork of 1st or 2nd edition of /Unix/ and was the first known /Unix/ to support interprocess communication and file locking.
+Those advencements were not backported to mainline /Unix/ until /System V/[fn:cbwiki],[fn:hiddenunix].
+Soon after it evolved into Columbus Linux (/CB-Unix/), as the /SCCS Unix/ was developed by Bell Division 59473 in Columbus, Ohio.
+
+#+attr_shortcode: "cb-unix-manuals.jpg" "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CB_UNIX#/media/File:CB_Unix_Manuals.jpg" 
+#+begin_img-c
+Programmers Manuals for CB Unix
+#+end_img-c
+
+In a completely different part of Bell Labs another project was starting to use /Unix/.
+/Mert/ (Multi-Environment Real-Time) was a fork for use in embedded minicomputers, like PDP-11s[fn:mertwiki].
+Yes, virtualization is not a new idea - it dates back to the 60s where is was developed by IBM.
+And so in 1973 /Unix V4/ was ported to run as a supervisor.
+It was the first time /Unix/ was run in a virtualized environment[fn:hiddenunix],[fn:mertwiki].
+Thus system evolved into /Unix/RT/ and then /DMERT/
+
+Yet another version was /PWB/Unix/ which was designed to be used to create software for batch processingy.
+This was how processing was done back then - you created your program, submitted it to a mainframe, but with the use of /Unix/ no longer one needed to provide a deck of cards to a operator.
+As a result, /PWB/ provided an early version of Source Control System.
+To make work easier, this was the first version to include a /shell/ - /pwb shell/.
+Other tools we know and love today that originate in /PWB/ are awk, sed, grep, or make[fn:hiddenunix].
+Ergo, this was one of the OSes made for work, not for research.
+This OS was released in 1977 but Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday started working on it in 1973[fn:pbwiki].
+
+In the same year, 1973, Bell funds a small group to support the use of /Unix/ across the lab - the /UNIX Support Group/ or /USG/ for short[fn:gnukiesusg].
+Their version of /Unix/ was called /Unix/TS/ and was based on /UNIX v4/.
+It was later merged with /PWB/ and /32V/ to become /Unix/TS 3.0/ known also as /System III/.
+After another merge, this time with CB-Unix and it became /Unix/TS 4.0/, which however was never released.
+The next version after that, /Unix-TS 5.0/, became the /System V/.[fn:hiddenunix],[fn:gnukiesusg].
+
+We're not done yet.
+/UNIX/ has seen it's share of history and we're still in the 70s.
+1975 saw the release of MUNUX, most likely as a fork of /UNIX V5/[fn:hiddenunix].
+It was a modification of monoprocessing system, UNIX, to multiprocessing utylizing two PDP 11/50[fn:munix].
+Yes, multi processor processing was reserched in the 70s.
+
+/UNIX V6/ saw the addition of BBN TCP/IP Stack in 1977.
+This is worth mentioning, as before that Bell labs pretended that packets are to be ignored, as networking is to be done using circut switching.
+AT&T was a /telephone/ company after all[fn:hiddenunix].
+/V6/ from 1975 introduced yet another feature - commercial license.
+We will get back to that, but it is what sounds like: AT&T is earning money from Unix. 
+
+** Unix from other Universities
+
+/AUSAM/, the /Australian Unix Share Accounting Method/ was the first community maintained fork of Unix based on the Sixth Edition[fn:hiddenunix].
+The work conducted at Universities of Sydney and New South Wales focused on allowing the system to run with huge number of users[fn:ausantuhs].
+The changes returned to /Unix V7/, but /AUSAM/ was never upgraded to a full 7th ed[fn:hiddenunix]
+
+https://youtu.be/XuzeagzQwRs?si=ZXhDIsNgliZpfml3
+
+- AUSAM
+- University of Illinois NCP Stack
+- Spider Cell Network
+- BSD
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[fn:hiddenunix] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuzeagzqwrs][The hidden early history of unix the forgotten history of early unix]]
+[fn:cbwiki] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CB_UNIX
+[fn:mertwiki] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-Environment_Real-Time
+[fn:pbwiki] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PWB/UNIX
+[fn:gnukiesusg] https://gunkies.org/wiki/UNIX_Support_Group
+[fn:munix] https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36714194.pdf
+[fn:ausantuhs] https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=AUSAM
+
+
+https://minnie.tuhs.org/Seminars/AUUG96/pdppaper.html
+https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl
 
-I have published new chapter of the Unix History