feat: unix hist as single art

1 files changed, 5 insertions, 253 deletions

diff --git a/content-org/bsd.org b/content-org/bsd.org
index 76fb19e..6d3b9fc 100644
--- a/content-org/bsd.org
+++ b/content-org/bsd.org
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#+TITLE: BSD
+#+TITLE: bsd
 #+AUTHOR: Michał Sapka
-#+URL: https://michal.sapka.me/bsd/
+#+URL: https://michal.sapka.me/unix-history/
 #+STARTUP: show2levels indent logdone
 
 #+HUGO_BASE_DIR: ~/ghq/vcs.sapka.me/michal-sapka-me/
@@ -21,30 +21,6 @@ CLOSED: [2024-03-06 Wed 14:45]
 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu bsd
 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd
 :END:
-** DONE History of BSD and Unix
-CLOSED: [2024-04-08 Mon 09:37]
-:PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: bsd/history
-:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: _index 
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract the long and turbolent history
-:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES:  menu img-r
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU_OVERRIDE: :post " from Multics to OpenBSD"
-:END:
-
-
-Does computer history have any real appliance?
-Not really.
-Does it explain certain, potentially baffling things? Certainly.
-But does it make great beer talk?
-Absolutely!
-Especially when discussing systems with such rich history as BSD.
-I will be gentle here, I promise.
-No /Hardcore History/ in sight.
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "bsd-history" 
-#+begin_menu
-History of BSD
-#+end_menu
 
 ** DONE Why I run a BSD on a PC                                       :@bsd:
 CLOSED: [2024-05-01 Wed 21:48]
@@ -378,6 +354,7 @@ They are supported by volunteers, so your mileage may vary.
 [fn:slow] Not going on breakneck speed is one of huge driving factors towards BSD.
 It's a good thing, I promise!
 
+
 * OpenBSD                                                              :@bsd:
 :PROPERTIES:
 :EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd :parent "openbsd"
@@ -840,6 +817,7 @@ In reality, I'm test-driving it on my laptop and have much fewer problems than w
 [fn:aws]: notice the lack of Amazon Web Services.
 Screw them.
 They have almost all of the interwebs in their server farm, but they will not have this blog!
+
 * FreeBSD                                                              :@bsd:
 :PROPERTIES:
 :EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu bsd
@@ -1533,10 +1511,6 @@ It's a great system, just needs a lot of work on hardware support :-)
 
 It's more than I anticipated. That post was small and written without any deeper research. But the discussion around it makes me believe that I hit something real.
 
-
-
-
-
 * WIP
 ** TODO OpenBSD: XMPP (Jabber) server
 /intro/
@@ -1572,226 +1546,4 @@ prosodyctl check connectivity
 - terminal
 - android
 - ios
-*** Modern XMPP
-** TODO BSD and Linux
-
-                                                                 :@bsd:
-:PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu bsd
-:END:
-* Unix history                                                         :@bsd:
-:PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER: :primary_menu bsd-history
-:EXPORT_HUGO_SECTION: bsd/history
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd-history
-:END:
-
-** DONE History of BSD part I: Multics
-CLOSED: [2024-03-09 Sat 21:03]
-:PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 01_multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract BSD history starts with Multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part I: Multics
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd-history :name "Multics"
-:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
-:END:
-
-**** Origins of time-sharing
-
-Let's start our journey back when dinosaurs roamed the earth, engineers wore ties, and Barbie was first gaining popularity - the 60s.
-Nowadays, we have grown accustom to companies selling devices at lower profit margins - with most profit coming from software subscriptions.
-But 70 years ago it was the complete opposite.
-Companies bought expensive computers, huge machines, and what was running on them was of lesser value. 
-And I really mean /expensive/.
-An IBM System/360 Model 20, presented in 1964, could have been bought starting from USD 62,710 (USD 622,626 adjusted for inflation) or rented for USD 1280 (USD 12,708 adjusted)[fn:IBM360].
-Sellers earned a lot from the devices.
-But, naturally, companies making all those investments wanted a nice return.
-This led to the creation of /time-sharing/.
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "ibm-360.jpg" "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/gadgets/5-reasons-love-mad-mens-new-star-ibm-360-n101716" 
-#+begin_img-c
-IBM 360 in an official photoshoot.
-#+end_img-c
-
-This concept seems natural now: multiple processes were able to share computer resources, so multiple applications could run at the same time. 
-Applications could even run for different users. 
-Ergo, time-sharing allowed for multi-user multitask processing.
-This is in stark contrast to batch-processing, where only a single program would be able to compute at any particular time.
-An example of such processing would be EDSAC, the first electronic computer[fn:root].
-I won't go into detail of time-sharing, but you can read more in "Time sharing in large computers", C. Strachey, 1959. 
-But what is important here is how it was used.
-All computation happened on a single, large server.
-End users would use /computer terminals/ which were /multiplexed/ into that server, called a /mainframe/. 
-What is multiplexing you ask?
-Simply said, it's a way to combine different signals into a shared medium.
-It was used extensively for land-line telephony, where all signals were transferred over shared wires.
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "edsac.jpg" "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/analysis/rebuilding-edsac-the-first-real-computer/" 
-#+begin_img-c
-EDSAC, the "first computer".
-#+end_img-c
-
-**** Multics
-
-Let's jump to 1969. 
-
-/Multics (MULTiplexed Information and Computing)/ was an early time-sharing operating system developed by /MIT/, /General Electrics/ and /Bell Labs/. 
-It pioneered many of innovations which are still widely used in the computing systems of today: hierarchical file system, redirection as interprocess communication, or the existence of a shell[fn:wiki], as well as memory pages, memory protection, or the ability for a single machine to use multiple CPUs and memory[fn:allen].
-It was however also huge, both in terms of memory usage (the resident kernel could occupy a huge part of memory living not enough for applications) and code size (it consisted of about 1,5k source modules)[fn:wiki].
-/Multics/ was experimental and therefore ambitious, complex - designed by trial and error.
-It was delivered late, early on had performance problems, and in 1969 /Bell Labs/ withrew from the project[fn:earlylin].
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "multics-login.png" "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics#/media/File:Multics-Login.png" 
-#+begin_img-c
-Multics login screen.
-#+end_img-c
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "thompson-ritchie.jpg" "https://computerhistory.org/blog/discovering-dennis-ritchies-lost-dissertation/" 
-#+begin_img-c
-Ken Thompson and Denis Ritchie.
-#+end_img-c
-
-Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna, frustrated with their experiences with /Multics/ Operating System are starting to work on their own alternative.
-Their work will become one of the most beloved computer products of all time - /UNIX/.
-The team armed with previous experience set up to create simple, manageable OS that would still fulfill all the requirements /Multics/ was to fulfill.
-
-Currently, however, they have problems convincing /Bell Labs/ management to get them a new computer.
-This has not stopped them from designing the system on black blackboards and paper.
-
-[fn:IBM360] [[https://ibms360.co.uk/?p=902][IBM 360 Model 20 Rescue and Restoration: Machine Overview]]
-[fn:root] [[http://blog.wovenmemories.net/2023/10/30/First.Operating.System_Part.1.html][First Operating System -- Part One]]
-[fn:wiki] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics][Multics  --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia]]
-[fn:allen] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYb6WqWBTE0][Mark Allen - Before Unix: An Early History of Timesharing Systems]]
-[fn:earlylin] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECCr_KFl41E][The early days of Unix at Bell Labs - Brian Kernighan (LCA 2022 Online)]]
-** DONE History of BSD part II: Unix
-CLOSED: [2024-03-16 Sat 21:00]
-:PROPERTIES:
-:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 02_unix
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :abstract How Unix came to be? 
-:EXPORT_HUGO_CUSTOM_FRONT_MATTER+: :shortname Part II: Unix
-:EXPORT_HUGO_MENU: :menu bsd-history :name "Unix"
-:EXPORT_HUGO_PAIRED_SHORTCODES: img-c
-:END:
-
-**** Bell Labs
-Let's pause here and discuss a few things.
-
-/Bell Labs/ was a research institute founded by no other, but the famous Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
-It is known as one of the most innovative places ever conceived.
-It was the birthplace of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK, AMPL, and the UNIX operating system.
-The work completed there was awarded 10 times with a Nobel Prize[fn:wikibell].
-
-But it wasn't all pretty.
-AT&T (owner of the lab) was /the/ telephone company in the USA.
-It had the /de facto/ monopoly for most of the 20th century.
-This led to a consent decree with US Government under which AT&T was forbidden to branch out to other markets.
-This agreement happened in 1956 and will be very important for our story[fn:hiddenunix].
-
-Another cool tidbit: back then computer screens as we know them now were yet to be invented. 
-There were ways for computer to present information on a screen, but it was not feasable to present information back to the user in real time.
-The monitor was a separate machine and an /assembly/ code to light up individual pixels would need to be sent every time to it.
-If the user wanted to see what the edited document looked like, the only way to achieve that was via a printer.
-Try to print a page every few lines - let alone every character.
-Even the bravest of the brave would not escape the anger of the finance department.
-
-**** Getting a computer
-
-After this short intermission, let's return to /UNIX/.
-
-The popular history of /UNIX/ goes as follows:
-Ken Thompson finds a PDP-7 microcomputer, starts playing with it and suddenly realizes that he has created a new operating system.
-
-What he actually wanted to do, was to play a damn game. 
-A completely reasonable reason to revolutionize the industry if you ask me.
-
-Ken was a huge fan of /Space Travel/, but it was only available on mainframes.
-And since those costed an arm and a leg, end users were paying for time they used.
-A single game of /Space Travel/ could cost Ken USD 50-75[fn:uvlist].
-Luckily, he was able to find a discarded PDP-7 from another department[fn:hiddenunix].
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "space-travel.png" "https://www.uvlist.net/game-164857-Space+Travel" 
-#+begin_img-c
-Space Travel
-#+end_img-c
-
-What the PDP-7 was, was a refrigerator size 18bit monstrosity[fn:hiddenunix]. 
-It was at the time a 5-year-old and obsolete[fn:earlylin] leftover from an ended research into audio-psychology.
-No one cared what would happen to this particular machine.
-Have I mentioned just how stinky rich the /Bell Lab/ was?
-So, Ken started rewriting the game for that PDP-7 as /GECOS Space Travel/.
-
-Porting the game proved challenging and difficult to debug, so they developed a system for PDP-7 to make developing  the game easier.
-This was how /PDP UNIX/ was born[fn:lcm].
-A guy wanted to play a god-damn game and now bankrupt in the process[fn:hiddenunix]
-
-Labs management was very happy with this turn of events as /UNIX/ was something to show after the /Multics/ fiasco.
-They allowed Ken to get himself a /PDP-11/ and port /UNIX/ to it. 
-It was a cheaper machine compared to /PDP-7/, but it was also 16bit - which was a nice change.
-Officially, the new system would allow for document preparation for patent applications[fn:earlylin].
-The biggest benefit however was the popularity of this machine - over the next decades it could be seen everywhere across enterprise America.
-You can buy a working one from /eBay/ today.
-It won't be easy nor cheap, but definitely possible.
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "pdp-7.jpeg" "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-7#/media/File:Pdp7-oslo-2005.jpeg" 
-#+begin_img-c
-PDP-7
-#+end_img-c
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "thompson-ritchie-pdp11.jpg" "https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/blog/invention-unix/" 
-#+begin_img-c
-Ken Thompson and Denis Ritchie working on the legendary PDP-11.
-#+end_img-c
-
-**** Unix 1
-
-So here we are, November 1971, and /UNIX 1/ for /PDP-11/ is released[fn:50]
-
-A year later Ken notes:
-#+begin_quote
-
-[...]the number of UNIX installations has grown to 10, with
-more expected. None of these has exactly the same complement of
-hardware or software. Therefore, at any particular installation,
-it is quite possible that this manual will give inappropriate
-information. [...] Also, not all installations have the latest versions of all the software.''
-
--- Unix Programmers Manual, Second Edition. Thompson Ken, Ritchie Denis, 1972
-#+end_quote
-
-Note, that this is 10 mainframes across /Bell Labs/, so user count was significantly higher.
-
-It's also worth to talk about release cycle. 
-UNIX was in constant development, and each installation would use current snapshot at the moment of installation.
-This is why Ken notes that each part of /UNIX/ could differ between installations.
-What is also important is that due to licensing of /UNIX/ (or rather lack of thereof), each installation would be accompanied by full source code. 
-Administrators were able to modify the system.
-Crazy times.
-
-Still, in June 1972 the 2nd Edition of /UNIX/ was released and every 7–8 months a new release was out.
-
-In November 1973, a 4th Edition was released, and it was the first one released to Universities.
-It made quite the buzz, and first user groups started forming under the /USENIX/ name[fn:hiddenunix].
-It's worth to mention that this version was rewritten in C, as  previous versions which were created in Assembly
-This made it the first portable /UNIX/, as it could be recompiled to any compared, as long as it also had a C compiler[fn:earlylin].
-
-The system was presented by Ken and Denis during the /4th Symposium on Operating System Principles/ the same year,
-and a year later Ken and Dennis publish the first paper on /UNIX/ - "The UNIX Time-Sharing System" in the /Communications/ journal of ACM.
-
-#+attr_shortcode: "unix-tech-journal.jpg" "https://leancrew.com/all-this/2011/10/dennis-ritchie-unix-and-clarity/" 
-#+begin_img-c
-Bell System Technical Journal cover.
-#+end_img-c
-
-The word was out and /UNIX/ became known outside of /Bell Labs/.
-
-In the next episode of History of BSD: the scariest creature of them all.
-Lawyers.
-
-[fn:wikibell] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs][Bell Labs  --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia]]
-[fn:hiddenunix] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuzeagzqwrs][The hidden early history of unix the forgotten history of early unix]]
-[fn:earlylin] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECCr_KFl41E][The early days of Unix at Bell Labs - Brian Kernighan (LCA 2022 Online)]]
-[fn:uvlist] [[https://www.uvlist.net/game-164857-Space+Travel][UVL]]
-[fn:50] The 50th anniversary of this event was very big for a small group of fans.
-[fn:lcm] [[https://livingcomputers.org/Blog/Restoring-UNIX-v0-on-a-PDP-7-A-look-behind-the-sce.aspx][Living Computer Museum]] has a real PDP-7 running /PDP Unix/ if want to chek it.
-
+*** Modern XMPP: